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Understanding Depression and Anxiety in Children and Teens

By Diane Sison July 18, 2024

Introduction

As a teacher, I saw firsthand the negative impact that COVID-19 had on the mental health of my students. Depression and anxiety in children and teens are on the rise. Understanding the scope, signs, and ways to help can empower parents, educators, and communities to provide better support for young people. This article explores the prevalence of depression and anxiety among children and teens, examines the impact of COVID-19, identifies key signs, and offers strategies for parents to help their children.

Prevalence and Impact of COVID-19

Pre-COVID-19 Statistics

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health issues among children and teens were already a growing concern. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH):

  • Approximately 3.2 million adolescents aged 12 to 17 had at least one major depressive episode in 2017, representing 13.3% of the U.S. adolescent population.

  • Anxiety disorders affected 7.1% of children aged 3-17 years (about 4.4 million).

  • The rate of adolescent depression increased by 63% between 2009 and 2017.

Post-COVID-19 Statistics

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these issues, significantly impacting the mental health of children and teens:

  • A study published in JAMA Pediatrics in 2021 found that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms doubled compared to pre-pandemic levels, affecting over 25% of children and adolescents.

  • The CDC reported in 2021 that the proportion of emergency department visits for mental health concerns among children aged 5-11 years increased by 24%, and for adolescents aged 12-17 years, it increased by 31% compared to 2019.

Signs of Depression and Anxiety in Children and Teens

Recognizing the signs of depression and anxiety in children and teens is crucial for early intervention. While these signs can vary by age and individual, some common indicators include:

Signs of Depression

  • Persistent sadness or hopelessness

  • Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities

  • Changes in appetite or weight

  • Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping

  • Fatigue or lack of energy

  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

  • Withdrawal from friends and family

  • Thoughts of death or suicide

Signs of Anxiety

  • Excessive worry or fear about everyday situations

  • Restlessness or feeling on edge

  • Irritability

  • Muscle tension

  • Frequent headaches or stomachaches

  • Avoidance of social situations or activities

  • Difficulty concentrating

  • Sleep disturbances

  • Panic attacks

How Parents Can Help

Parents play a vital role in supporting their children through mental health challenges. Here are several strategies that can make a significant difference:

Foster Open Communication

Encouraging open and honest communication is essential. Create a safe, non-judgmental space for your child to express their feelings and concerns. Listen actively and validate their emotions without dismissing or minimizing their experiences.

Educate Yourself

Learn about depression and anxiety to better understand what your child is going through. Knowledge can help you recognize symptoms, provide appropriate support, and reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues.

Establish a Routine

Maintaining a consistent daily routine can provide a sense of stability and predictability, which is especially important for children and teens experiencing anxiety or depression. Ensure your child has regular sleep, meals, and physical activity.

Promote Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Encourage your child to engage in physical activity, eat a balanced diet, and get enough sleep. These lifestyle choices can positively impact mental health and overall well-being.

Limit Screen Time

Excessive screen time, especially on social media, can contribute to anxiety and depression. Set limits on screen time and encourage activities that promote face-to-face interaction and physical activity.

Seek Professional Help

If you notice persistent signs of depression or anxiety, consider seeking help from a mental health professional. Therapists, counselors, and psychologists can provide appropriate interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication if necessary.

Encourage Social Connections

Support your child in maintaining healthy social connections with friends and family. Social support can act as a buffer against stress and promote a sense of belonging and acceptance.

Model Healthy Coping Strategies

Children and teens often learn by observing their parents. Model healthy coping strategies, such as mindfulness, relaxation techniques, and problem-solving skills, to help your child develop their own.

Monitor Academic Pressure

Academic pressure can be a significant source of stress for children and teens. Encourage a balanced approach to schoolwork and extracurricular activities, and emphasize the importance of effort over perfection.

Stay Involved

Be actively involved in your child's life. Attend school events, engage in family activities, and show interest in their hobbies and interests. A supportive home environment can foster resilience and well-being.

Conclusion

Depression and anxiety among children and teens are serious issues that require attention and action. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened these challenges, making it even more critical for parents, educators, and communities to work together to support young people. By recognizing the signs, fostering open communication, promoting healthy lifestyle choices, and seeking professional help when needed, parents can make a significant difference in their children's mental health and overall well-being.

If you feel that your child might be suffering from depression or anxiety, download the free parent questionnaire by clicking on the button for a more comprehensive list of signs to watch out for.

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Click here to access the free parent questionnaire